Aug

Some electrical safety measures at home workplaces,trade village

Some electrical safety measures at home workplaces , trade village

Ensuring safety when using electricity in production is extremely important. Using the wrong power can cause great damage to people and money. Therefore, in order to avoid serious electrical accidents that can occur at any time, businesses and factories need to take safety measures when using appropriate power, in accordance with standards and regulations.

Safety measures should be taken when using electricity in production to avoid damage to people and property

Rules to ensure safety when using electricity

Here are some rules and safety measures when using electricity that workers and workers need to follow to avoid electrical problems:

Power workers should be familiar with the electrical engineering, electrical appliances, electrical diagrams and locations and parts that may pose a hazard during the production process; have knowledge and ability to apply regulations on electrical engineering safety; know how to handle electric accident situations and provide emergency assistance to electric shock people.
At least 2 employees are required to contact the wiring system, climb high, or in a closed room. In which, 1 person works and 1 person monitors, inspects and directs the entire job.
Enterprises need to organize the inspection and control of operation in accordance with electric safety rules.
For components and equipment of the electrical network, it must be carefully shielded to avoid danger when contact.
When using electricity, it is necessary to select the correct voltage and conduct grounding or neutral wiring for electrical equipment in accordance with standards.
Workers should use protective devices and personal protective equipment when working with electrical equipment.

Electrical safety engineering measures

One of the safety measures when using electricity to be noted is the measures related to electrical engineering:

Before using electrical equipment, check the following issues: insulation between phase and shell, insulation between phases; allowed insulation resistance values.
In dangerous high-voltage places, it is necessary to use interlock, signal light, danger sign and movement to prevent unintentional contact.
An isolated transformer, low voltage and safety circuit breaker should be used when an incident occurs.
Create protective corridors for overhead high voltage electrical line.
Electric circuit opening and closing devices need to cover conductive parts. In particular, for the circuit breaker in the electrical distribution board should be placed in sealed metal box boxes with firm locks, grounded wires and the voltage used.
Insulated boots are required when opening and closing the circuit breaker of the distribution board. Wet hands or sweaty hands are not allowed to open and close the circuit breaker.

With the above mentioned safety measures, it is hoped that this article will bring you the necessary knowledge to help ensure the safety of electricity in production at enterprises. .

1

Aug

7 notes when using electricity in the family

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7 notes when using electricity in the family

Using compact bulbs saves electricity

Although the initial investment cost is larger than conventional incandescent bulbs, compact bulbs will be more economical in the long run due to using only 1/4 of the power and 8-12 times longer lifespan than normal bulbs and still provide the same brightness. When lighting incandescent light bulbs, only 10% of the electricity is used to glow, while the remaining 90% of electricity is only used to heat the bulb.

Check electrical wiring

Check conductors that use plastic enclosures. These have the disadvantages of being brittle, prone to cracking, melting or touching vessels. In particular, we need to strictly adhere to the principles of earthing wire, avoiding the risk of electric shock from leakage of household appliances.

If possible, you should equip an automatic circuit breaker for older hot and cold water heaters that can automatically disconnect when the electrical system is in danger of being unsafe.

Regularly check and maintain the electrical equipment

It is important to pay attention to the group of household electrical appliances such as irons, electric cookers, ovens, kettles, electric cookers … These are potential items of leakage, high risk of fire and explosion. The general principle of operation of this device is to use incinerators to heat directly or indirectly. If the product is of poor quality or improperly assembled, it is very dangerous.

Electric heater is a water heater that uses resistance wire (sewing wire) to convert electricity into heat energy. Due to its compact, simple structure, low cost, electric hot tub is used a lot in households or in dormitories, but this is also a product with high risk of unsafe for users. .

Do not open the electrical equipment with large capacity

Large-sized electrical appliances such as ovens, microwaves, electromagnetic cookers, electric cookers, rice cookers, irons, water heaters, etc. If the household electrical wire has a small section, it is easy to cause too load, which increases the risk of explosion.

Arrange food in the refrigerator properly

When you open the refrigerator door, warm air from the outside will overflow and replace the cool air inside, resulting in the cabinet needing more energy to maintain the temperature. Therefore, the more free space there is, the greater the chance that the outside air will enter. The arrangement of cold food, fresh food, green vegetables … according to the area to be easily removed, helping to shorten the opening and closing time is also a way to save electricity.

Cook rice only before eating 30-45 minutes

Do not cook rice with an electric cooker too soon, should only cook 30 to 45 minutes before eating to limit the time for warming, use a rice cooker with an appropriate capacity and capacity, the ability to clean the bottom of the pot, heaters.

Turn off the power when not in use

The power should be turned off when not using electrical appliances in the home, such as computers, printers, televisions, water heaters, etc.This will not only save electricity but also minimize the risk of loss. safety (fire, leakage).

Source: Electricity of Vietnam

1

Aug

Safe to use the refrigerator

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WHAT NEEDS TO USE SAFE COLD STORAGE?

Refrigerators are electronic devices in every modern family, do you know how to use them safely and effectively? Read the article below for detailed information.

NOTICE OF USE COLD REFRIGERATOR:

CAUTION WHEN ORDERING

Place the refrigerator at least 10cm away from the wall to allow sufficient heat escape space on the sides and back of the refrigerator. When setting the right distance to ensure safety, both help save energy and help cool the indoor unit effectively.HOW TO STORAGE FOOD
You should wash vegetables or fruits, wrap or cover strong-smelling food before you put it in the refrigerator to avoid damage to the refrigerator. You absolutely must not put hot food in the refrigerator because it will damage the cooling unit, affecting the life of the product.SETTING SUITABLE TEMPERATURE
Choose the right temperature for efficient freezing to suit the ingredients and quantity of the food. The refrigerator should be checked regularly with a thermometer to ensure that the food does not wither or spoil.

RESTRICTING OPENING OF REFRIGERATION DOOR
Limiting the opening of the refrigerator many times (especially in the summer) or leaving the refrigerator door open for too long as it will consume a significant amount of power consumption. This will waste more electricity and spoil the food, especially the food at the door.

For families with young children, you should note that children should not be close to the cabinet and open the door many times.

NOTICE WHEN CLEANING
After cleaning the refrigerator, put the plug in the refrigerator for about 30 minutes to operate before adding food. Wipe the shelves and containers dry with a soft towel while waiting for the cabinet to reach the required temperature.

WHEN LOSS
In the event of a power outage, try to open the fridge door as little as possible to keep the air cool for longer. Wipe off any standing water in the refrigerator and dry before re-operating the refrigerator.

WHEN WANT TO MOVE OR DRESS UP

Unplug the power cord plug
Remove all food from the contents to ensure it does not spoil.
At least 2 people should move to ensure safety.

Do not place the cabinet horizontally because it can cause damage to the cabinet if the power plug works too soon (It should be plugged in after 4 hours to 24 hours)

Use a tight belt to secure the cupboard
When moving the cabinets should direct the cabinet door upwards
After moving the refrigerator to a new location, wait at least 60 minutes and then plug in the power to operate the refrigerator.

PROBLEMS THAT MAY MEET IF THE USE IS improperly used:

OTES WHEN STORING DRINKING WATER:
Preserving carbonated drinks is a must. Carbonated beverages can be a source of explosion for electrical appliances. Keeping carbonated water in the fridge freezer will make it a bomb and a high risk of fire and danger to everyone in the family.
When putting carbonated cans in the freezer, carbonated soda can be very sensitive to temperature, hot or cold will turn it into a “bomb” and explode violently. Many people never pay attention to the manufacturer ‘s warning that “Do not heat or freeze ice to 0 degrees Celsius” and cause serious accidents when using carbonated drinks in the freezer.

GAS COLD STORAGE LEAK:
According to Dr. Phan Tuan Anh, a member of the Vietnamese refrigeration mechanical engineering community, the gas used in refrigerators is mainly traditional CFC (Chloro Fluoro Carbon) and LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas). CFC has the advantage of not igniting, not causing fire, but containing a number of toxic substances that pollute the environment and affect the ozone layer. LPG has main components of propane and butane, natural gas but has disadvantages of flammable, explosive …
When an incident occurs like a short-circuit compressor, gas will easily catch fire. So when choosing a refrigerator, you should also consider what kind of gas to use for refrigeration.

Also according to him, because the gas tank of the refrigerator has a sturdy steel cover, the ability to self-ignite and explosion only occurs when the gas leaks (welds, pipes …) are exposed to sparks (wire Electricity short-circuiting) causes a fire.

The risk of a refrigerator explosion is often found in old ones or due to welding repair, gas replacement many times, so there is dirt causing clogging of the connecting pipe from the condenser to the evaporator, reducing the cooling capacity, leading to pressure. System capacity is too high, flammable.

EXPERIENCE FOR USE AND MAKE REFRIGERATION REFRIGERATION
DO NOT BUY OLD COLD STORAGE
Many families or students can not afford to buy a new refrigerator, may think of buying an old refrigerator. However, you should not buy a refrigerator that is too old as it may have been badly repaired and sold on the market.

These refrigerators have expired the recommendations of the manufacturer each damaged, rusted, recharged gas repeatedly … bringing danger to the user again. If the cabinets do not make ice, cold temperatures are not effective, make noises … you need to hire a repairer that will be costly and not safe.

REFRIGERATION MAINTENANCE ONE-MONTH SINGLE

Refrigerator should be serviced once a month to check the condition of machinery, gas tanks and refrigerator components to ensure that the refrigerator runs safe for users.
Choose a reputable company to buy a new refrigerator
Buy refrigerators from reputable electronics supermarkets, choose a reputable brand and have a clear warranty.

SOME OTHER NOTESRefrigerator should be placed away from heat sources such as stoves, gas cylinders, ovens, chemicals from 1m – 3m, away from walls 10-15 cm, away from direct sunlight, avoiding too humid space.
Some signs indicate a problem with the refrigerator

When a household refrigerator has problems such as: compressor running continuously without interruption; touching both sides of the refrigerator, the heater is abnormally hot, there is a strange sound coming from the compressor, the compressor is very hot, the filter is swollen and the phenomenon of dew … you should disconnect the refrigerator and have a mechanic repair it. to ensure safety.

1

Aug

How to choose a pump that suits your needs

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How to choose a pump that suits your needs

On the market today there are many types of water pumps with many models, types, functions, … different. So, what is the right pump for your needs?

Types of water pumps are popular today

Booster pump
High push water pump
Centrifugal water pump
Vacuum water pump

Criteria to know when choosing to buy water pumps

Pump capacity
Maximum flow
Push height
Suction depth

Advice on buying water pumps according to use needs

Pumps for water in the family
Water pumps for agriculture

I)Common types of water pumps today

a) Booster pump

Booster pump is a type of pump used for the purpose of increasing the water pressure circulating in the pipeline, making the water flowing out of the nozzle used to be stronger, more.

The most commonly used booster pump is the auto pump type. When users open any one tap to get water for use, the pump will automatically turn on and create pressure to push the water flow stronger to meet the wishes of the user. And when the user closes the faucet, the pump automatically switches off.

The booster pump is used when the weak water pressure does not meet the needs of the family, especially as hotel restaurants need to use water in large quantities.

Turbochargers are also used to increase the efficiency of machines such as washing machines, solar water heaters, water heaters, etc.

b) High push water pumps

High-pressure water pumps are civil pumps, are used in a lot of pumping water from dug wells or from underground tanks to high tanks, irrigation water pumps, production, and can be used for pushing water on houses with many floors. High-pressure pump can pump up to a height of over 40m.

This type of machine ensures a stable flow of water and can filter clean water to ensure the health of consumers.

c) Centrifugal water pumps

Centrifugal pump is a type of hydraulic impeller, operating on the principle of centrifugal force, water is brought into the rotating center of the impeller and by centrifugal force, and has been pushed to the edge of the impeller.

With a special structure, centrifugal water pumps have the outstanding advantages of very large capacity, less frequent pipe impulses, so they are often widely used in the chemical industry.

Centrifugal pumps are used to pump and transport low viscosity fluids such as fresh water, sea water.

Centrifuges used in systems that do not require high-pressure poles but need large and regular flow, typically cooling systems in cooling rooms, in fire protection, fire pumps or irrigation pumps agriculture and horticulture.

d) Vacuum water pump

A vacuum pump is a type of machine that can pump both water and air. Specifically, this series of small family water pumps are capable of vacuum pump to a certain extent used to pump clean water or other similar liquids but not corrosive chemicals.

The efficiency of vacuum water pumps is higher than that of other types of pumps, which can be used for both civil and industrial applications.

In households, vacuum pumps are used as high-lift pumps, drawing water from underground tanks or pipes and pushing up to overhead tanks.

In agriculture, vacuum pumps are used for suction wells, irrigation and other tasks that require pumps.

II) Criteria to know when choosing to buy water pumps

a) Pump capacity

Pump capacity determines the strength of the water – weak, so this is one of the important points to note when buying a water pump.

b) Maximum flow

Pump capacity determines the strength of the water – weak, so this is one of the important points to note when buying a water pump.

c) Push height

The height of the water level is usually recorded as H, with the recorder is Hmax, Total H, that is the height that the machine can suck from the water, wells, lakes, tanks, … This is a certain maximum height The machine transports water to the upper tank, calculated vertically.

Typically, pumps do not bring water to reach the height recorded in the machine, but only about 70%.

Height push water pump

A Panasonic water pump has a pushing height of 38m

d) Depth of suction

The depth at which the pump draws water from the water surface to the center of the pump’s impeller. You should place the machine as close to the water as possible, because in fact the depth of use is often smaller than recorded in the machine.

If normal pumps when suction is about 8-9 meters, the phenomenon of non-suction can start to appear. This is marked as a cavitation limit, with the presence of bubbles. This basically affects the quality of water pumps.

1

Aug

Use household electrical appliances safely

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Use household electrical appliances safely

The danger of electric current is different from the different types of hazards at work because people cannot recognize it before it happens, while the sound of an approaching vehicle can be heard. foresee the risk of an object being dropped or smelled for a leak.

About one in every 30 electrical accidents is fatal. The majority of these accidents are electric shocks or burns. Fires and explosions when welding in flammable air, radiation caused by arc or microwave heat processing are also likely to cause injury.

Shockwave:

The danger of an electric shock is directly related to the strength and the time it flows through the body. When the amperage is small, the effect of the current is only unpleasant stimuli on the body, although it is enough to cause workers to lose their balance and fall from a ladder or scaffolding to the ground. With a medium intensity line, it causes a muscle contraction reaction and the jerky person will not release the things in his hand, making the situation quickly become very dangerous. With high intensity, the current can stop the heart and almost certainly cause death.

Electric current can also cause skin burns at the point of contact. However, severe burns can also occur without direct physical contact with the electric current. The humid environment makes the danger of electric shock greatly increase.

Electric current can pass through people thanks to the voltage. Therefore reducing the voltage also reduces the severity of electric shock injury, so it is common to use a 110v voltage wherever possible.

The main causes of electric shock are:

– The ground wire is not connected to the neutral pole in the socket but connected to the positive pole. Causing the neutral wire itself to become conductive;

– Wrong terminal connection on the socket and equipment;

– Fuse cover, circuit breaker box, output on lampholder damaged or lost; Use bare conductors.

– Flexible cables are damaged by rubbing on sharp surfaces or running underground;

– Temporarily repair flexible cables with electrical tape.

Handling electric shock accidents:

Disconnect, or if not possible, separate the victim from the electrical current by using long, clean, dry, non-conductive objects such as wooden sticks or long rubber samples, or a jacket-like fabric. Stand on dry and non-conductive materials like wood when doing this. Do not touch the victim until the current has not been cut.

If you find the person has stopped breathing, give artificial respiration, then send to an emergency and call a doctor. Continue with CPR until a doctor or ambulance arrives.

Electric supplying system:

At each workplace, there may be aerial power supply systems or deep underground. Before repairing, learn to understand the electrical system diagram.

Electrical installations:

Only qualified electricians can install and solve electrical problems. All electrical equipment must be checked and maintained periodically according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

If the device is damaged, do not repair it yourself, but leave it to an electrician. Wires and cables that supply power to the device should be mounted on walls or ceilings, not run on floors that are easily damaged or damp.

Do not tie the power cord knot, which can cause a short circuit or short circuit. When operating a stationary machine, emergency stop devices must be within reach of the operator.

Before using electrical equipment:

– Checking for defective places.

– Check the fuses and sockets, never temporarily connecting machines or sockets by bare wires connected to light bulbs or contacts.

– Check whether the insulation sheaths of wires and cables are broken or worn.

– Check grounding wires in the neutral wiring system.

Hand tools and appliances:

Double or fully insulated devices are safer than other conventional devices because they are equipped with internal protective layers in case the outer metal layer becomes conductive.

If you use a handheld device, you must be carefully instructed on its use and maintenance.

Before operating a portable power tool, check to ensure that:

– The wires and plugs are not damaged.

– There are compatible fuses.

– Set the right speed for the job.

– Electric conductors must not be in the path of other workers and not in contact with water.

– At the end of the job, make sure that the moving parts of the tool have stopped completely before placing.

Things to remember:

-If an accident occurs due to electrical contact, immediate power off.

-Do not execute on existing wires or cables.

-Never carry a hand-held tool with its cable.

1

Aug

Things to do when using electricity

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Things to do when using electricity

1. Installation and protection equipment:

– Must be installed on phase wires; Encouraging the installation of switchgear and neutral wires simultaneously.

– Select protective switch:

+ Must match the capacity used.

+ Must have lids, electrical parts.

– Equipment must be installed at the top of the main power cord and branches at floors.

– Encourage installation of electrical anti-spark devices. Specially flooded areas.

2. Installation of circuit breakers, fuses, switches, electrical sockets in housing construction:

– Must be placed in a high place and convenient for use. Particularly, electricity-using households with young children or lying in flooded areas must be placed at least 1.40 meters above the ground and floors.

3. Installation of electrical equipment in the house:

– Grounding metal casing for electrical appliances in the house, such as refrigerators, washing machines, electric cookers, etc.

-Do not install electrical equipment in wet or flooded areas.Where equipment should be arranged, it must be protected by installing electrical equipment.

4. Checking:

– Must regularly check the line; electric switches and switches (circuit breakers, fuses, switches, sockets) and electrical appliances in the house.

– It is advisable to disconnect the electrical appliances when not in use (circuit breaker or unplug).Nên ngắt nguồn điện các thiết bị điện khi không sử dụng (cắt cầu dao hoặc rút phích cắm điện).

– When the conductor is broken, peeling insulation; If equipment, electrical appliances, if damaged, must be replaced or repaired, they can continue to use them.

5. When there are thunderstorms, rain, storms or floods:

– Cut off power (unplug) devices: Televisions, computers, … and separate the antenna cable from the TV to avoid spreading lightning.

– When the house is flooded, rainstorms speed up the roof, fall the walls … should cut off the circuit breaker.

6. When it is necessary to repair or install electricity in a house:

-The circuit breaker (circuit breaker, fuse, switch) must be disconnected and hung at the electrical switch “It Is Forbidden To Switch When Someone Is Working“

7. Using hand-held electric tools (drilling machines, grinding machines …):

– Insulated gloves must be worn to prevent electric shock.

8. When hands are wet or the floor or floor is damp:

– Do not touch any electrical tools.Không chạm vào bất kỳ dụng cụ sử dụng điện nào.

– Do not switch, break, switch or plug (unplug) the power plug.

– Wet floors want to manipulate standing on insulators (wooden chairs, dry plastic …).

9.When the power is not cut off:

– Do not touch:

+ Electrical outlet.

+ Weaknesses of electric wires (where the insulating cover is cracked, peeling or peeling off insulating tape).

+ Fuses, fuses without a cover …

10. No:

– Using electrical conductors, electrical equipment and electrical appliances in the home of poor quality because of easy access, electric shock causing accidents or fires, explosions …

11. No:

– Clothesline; hanging, hook supplies, goods … into electric wires.

12. No:

– Plug the end of the power cord directly (without a plug) into an electrical outlet.

– Plugs and sockets must be sure (the plug is on the side of equipment and devices using electricity, the socket is on the side of the power source).

– When unplugging, do not pull the power cord, must grasp the plastic part of the body of plug.

13. No:

– Keep electric heating devices (televisions, irons, electric cookers, etc.) near flammable objects.

14. Do not use electricity to:

– Anti-theft.

– Mouse trap.

– fishing.

1

Aug

Electrical design guide

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1

Aug

Electrical installation instructions according to IEC standard guide

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Quisque lacinia arcu nec lectus semper volutpat. Aenean posuere, mauris ac venenatis aliquam, leo ipsum lacinia justo, vitae lobortis diam justo ac dui. Suspendisse cursus velit et pretium luctus. Suspendisse nec lectus non tellus tristique tempus ut dignissim est. Donec sit amet nulla metus. Maecenas auctor leo quam. Nam et sem vel purus semper tincidunt. Aliquam convallis urna quis diam pharetra, sit amet vehicula nisi posuere. Aliquam nec tempor urna.

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